APEX BRIEFMercedes confirm: Russell faces a grid penalty in Singapore
F1 EXPLAINED

F1 Explained

Clear guides for newcomers and fans looking for a quick reference.

The FIA scrutineering area at Sepang, 2016. An archive image of technical inspection.GUIDE

What is parc fermé?

The rules that restrict changes to cars between sessions.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
Williams pit-stop practice, 2014. Archive image; it does not document an undercut.GUIDE

What is an undercut?

Attacking a rival’s position with an earlier pit stop.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
Heikki Kovalainen making a pit stop with McLaren Mercedes in Malaysia. Archive photograph; it does not document an overcut.GUIDE

What is an overcut?

How a later pit stop can be advantageous.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
The Aston Martin Safety Car at the 2022 Austrian Grand Prix. Archive photograph.GUIDE

How does the Safety Car work?

When safety requires the field to gather behind an intervention vehicle.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
Safety Car at the 2024 British Grand Prix. A comparison image: the VSC operates without bunching up the field behind this car.GUIDE

What is the Virtual Safety Car?

Neutralising the race through a reference time, without requiring the field to bunch up.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
Marshals with a yellow flag and SC board, 2005 United States Grand Prix. Stewarding and safety context, not a specific penalty.GUIDE

How do F1 penalties work?

From time sanctions to grid changes and disqualifications.

·APEX Editorial Team·2 min
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